Have you ever noticed small, tender bumps under your jaw, on the sides of your neck, or behind your ears? These are likely swollen lymph nodes, also known as swollen glands. While often a sign of a common infection, it’s important to understand when swollen lymph nodes warrant a visit to a doctor, especially an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist.

What are Lymph Nodes?

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of your lymphatic system, a vital component of your immune system. They act as filters, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. When your body is fighting an infection, these nodes become active and swell as they collect these harmful substances.

Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Neck:

• Common Cold or Flu: These viral infections are the most frequent cause of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. The nodes are usually tender and may be accompanied by other cold or flu symptoms like a runny nose, sore throat, and cough.
• Throat Infection: This bacterial infection of the throat can also cause swollen and painful lymph nodes in the neck.
• Ear Infections: Infections in the middle ear can lead to swelling of the lymph nodes near the ear.
• Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono): This viral infection, often spread through saliva, can cause significant swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, along with fatigue, fever, and sore throat.
• Dental Infections: Infections in the teeth or gums can also cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

When to See an ENT:

While swollen lymph nodes are often a normal response to infection and will return to their normal size within a few weeks, certain situations require medical attention. Consult an ENT if you experience any of the following:

• Swollen lymph nodes that persist for more than two to four weeks.
• Lymph nodes that are hard, fixed (don’t move easily), or rapidly increasing in size.
• Swollen lymph nodes accompanied by unexplained weight loss, night sweats, persistent fever, or difficulty swallowing or breathing.
• Redness or inflammation of the skin over the swollen lymph nodes.
• Swollen lymph nodes without any other apparent signs of infection (like a cold or sore throat).

What to Expect at Your ENT Appointment:

Your ENT specialist will perform a thorough examination, including:

• Physical Examination: The doctor will feel the swollen lymph nodes, noting their size, texture, and location. They will also examine your ears, nose, throat, and other areas of your head and neck.
• Medical History: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any medications you are taking.
• Possible Further Tests: Depending on the findings, the doctor may recommend further tests, such as:
  • Blood tests: To check for infections or other conditions.
  • Imaging studies (CT scan or ultrasound): To get a better view of the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues.
  • Endoscopy: Nasal and/or laryngeal endoscopy may be needed to find out the cause of lymph node swelling.
  • Lymph node biopsy: In some cases, a small tissue sample may be taken from a lymph node for microscopic examination to rule out more serious conditions like lymphoma or secondaries from a metastatic cancer.

Treatment:

The treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause.

• Infections: Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics. Viral infections typically resolve on their own with supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers.
• Other Causes: If the swollen lymph nodes are caused by a more serious condition, such as cancer, appropriate treatment will be recommended.

Key Takeaway:

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are a common occurrence, often signaling a normal immune response to infection. However, it’s crucial to be aware of the warning signs that indicate a need for medical evaluation. If you have any concerns about swollen lymph nodes, don’t hesitate to consult an ENT specialist. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in your health.