Ludwig’s angina is a serious and rapidly progressing bacterial infection of the floor of the mouth and submandibular space. This space is located under the tongue and jaw, and contains muscles, glands, and connective tissues. When infected, it can cause swelling that spreads to the neck and airway, potentially leading to difficulty breathing.

What Causes Ludwig’s Angina?

Ludwig’s angina is most commonly caused by bacteria that normally reside in the mouth. These bacteria can invade deeper tissues through:

• Dental infections, like abscessed teeth
• Injury to the mouth or floor of the mouth
• Procedures like dental surgery

Warning Signs and Symptoms:

• Sudden swelling of the floor of the mouth and tongue, often on one side
• Difficulty speaking and swallowing
• Muffled voice
• Fever
• Chills
• Redness and tenderness in the affected area
• Difficulty breathing (Seek immediate medical attention if this occurs!)

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for Ludwig’s angina due to the rapid progression of swelling and the risk of airway obstruction. If you experience any of the above symptoms, see an ENT specialist or proceed to the emergency department without delay.

Treatment Options:

Ludwig’s angina is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. Treatment typically involves:

• Intravenous antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered intravenously to combat the infection.
• Airway management: If breathing is compromised, securing an airway may be necessary. This might involve oxygen therapy or intubation.
• Surgical drainage: In some cases, an ENT specialist might need to create an incision to drain pus collection.

Potential Complications

Ludwig’s angina can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including:

• Sepsis, a life-threatening body-wide response to infection
• Blood clots in the jugular vein
• Difficulty breathing requiring long-term ventilation
• Tissue death (necrosis) in the affected area

Prevention Tips:

• Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to prevent dental infections.
• Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings.
• Seek prompt treatment for any dental problems.
• Be mindful of injuries to the mouth and maintain proper oral hygiene after any dental procedures.

Ludwig’s angina is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. By recognizing the warning signs and seeking prompt treatment, you can prevent complications and ensure a good recovery.